Mathematically, this type of system requires 27 letters (1-9, 10–90, 100–900).
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For example, 177 is represented as קעז which (from right to left) corresponds to 100 + 70 + 7 = 177. The Hebrew numeric system operates on the additive principle in which the numeric values of the letters are added together to form the total. For ordinal numbers (numbers indicating position) greater than ten the cardinal is used. The number two is special: shnayim (m.) and shtayim (f.) become shney (m.) and shtey (f.) when followed by the noun they count. The cardinal number precedes the noun (e.g., shlosha yeladim), except for the number one which succeeds it (e.g., yeled echad). Ordinal numbers must also agree in number and definite status like other adjectives. a telephone number or a house number in a street address), the feminine form is used. Collective numerals Table of collective numerals and their declensions NumberĬardinal and ordinal numbers must agree in gender (masculine or feminine mixed groups are treated as masculine) with the noun they are describing. Note: Officially, numbers greater than a million were represented by the long scale However, since January 21, 2013, the modified short scale (under which the long scale milliard is substituted for the strict short scale billion), which was already the colloquial standard, became official. Note: For ordinal numbers greater than 10, cardinal numbers are used instead.
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The Hebrew numerals are used only in special cases, such as when using the Hebrew calendar, or numbering a list (similar to a, b, c, d, etc.), much as Roman numerals are used in the West.Įarly 20th century pocket watches with Hebrew numerals in clockwise order ( Jewish Museum, Berlin). 0, 1, 2, 3, etc.) is used in almost all cases (money, age, date on the civil calendar). In Israel today, the decimal system of Hindu–Arabic numeral system (ex. Gematria (Jewish numerology) uses these transformations extensively. To represent numbers from 1,000 to 999,999, the same letters are reused to serve as thousands, tens of thousands, and hundreds of thousands. The later hundreds (500, 600, 700, 800 and 900) are represented by the sum of two or three letters representing the first four hundreds. , 90) a separate letter, and the first four hundreds (100, 200, 300, 400) a separate letter. , 9) is assigned a separate letter, each tens (10, 20. In this system, there is no notation for zero, and the numeric values for individual letters are added together. The Greek system was adopted in Hellenistic Judaism and had been in use in Greece since about the 5th century BCE. 800 BCE in the so-called Samaria ostraca and sometimes known as Hebrew-Aramaic numerals, ultimately derived from the Egyptian Hieratic numerals. These systems were inherited from usage in the Aramaic and Phoenician scripts, attested from c. The current numeral system is also known as the Hebrew alphabetic numerals to contrast with earlier systems of writing numerals used in classical antiquity. The system was adapted from that of the Greek numerals in the late 2nd century BCE. The system of Hebrew numerals is a quasi-decimal alphabetic numeral system using the letters of the Hebrew alphabet.